earth; soil; the earth (historically, esp. as opposed to the heavens); the ground; low-quality torinoko-gami (containing mud); (period of) refraining from construction in the direction of the god of the earth (in Onmyōdō)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hero; the brave; man of valour (valor)
workshop; studio; atelier
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
acquisition; obtaining; coming to hand
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to pass (of time); to elapse
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
thanks; gratitude; manners; etiquette; bow; reward; gift
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
once; for a short time; briefly; (arch.) one morning
method; manner; appearance; air; tendency; folk song (genre of the Shi Jing)
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to stop by; to drop in for a short visit
of course; certainly; naturally
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
together; at the same time; same; identical
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
matter; affair; counter for (received) emails, text messages, voicemail messages, etc.; counter for accounts (on a website, email service, etc.)
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
counter for generations; epoch
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
audience (with a superior, e.g. nobility)
to be temperate in; to refrain; to make notes; to jot down (e.g. phone number); to be in preparation for; to be in waiting for
water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
capital (esp. Kyoto, Japan's former capital); seat of government; capital (of music, fashion, etc.); city (e.g. of light); location of the Imperial Palace
to lurk; to be hidden; to be concealed; to lie dormant; to be latent
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
to dig up and expose (a secret, hidden crime, etc.)