indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
thanks; gratitude; manners; etiquette; bow; reward; gift
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
hero; the brave; man of valour (valor)
class of demons; demonic race; family of demons
idea; plan; draft; rough copy; expectation; (arch.) desk
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
head; chief; merit; strong point; superiority; major
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
demon; devil; evil spirit; -crazed person; -obsessed person; fiend
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
ghostly air; weird air; unearthly atmosphere
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
by means of; due to; because of; according to
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
attribute; property; context; character class, type, fetish, etc.
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza