indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
guest; visitor; customer; client; counter for containers used to entertain guests
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
light; well-lit; bright (of a colour); brightly-coloured; cheerful; bright; encouraging (for the future of a project, etc.)
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
in that way; thus; so; so?
to call out to; to hail; to address; to appeal
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
business district; shopping district; bustling street; shopping centre; shopping center; downtown
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
to be separated; to be apart; to leave; to go away; to leave (a job, etc.); to quit
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
coffee shop; tearoom; coffee lounge; coffeehouse; cafe
wood construction; woodworking; (arch.) gardener
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
care; looking after; repair; (police) raid; crackdown
to be scrupulous; to be attentive; to be prudent; to be complete; to be thorough
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
clean; hygienic; sanitary; pure; virtuous; immaculate
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
menu; schedule; program; (computer) menu
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
variegated; varicoloured; varicolored; multi-coloured; multi-colored; diverse
delicious; tasty; sweet; attractive; appealing; convenient
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
regular customer; regular patron; frequenter; constant companion
woman; female; feminine gender
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
weekday; ordinary days (i.e. non-holiday); kanji radical 73
in spite of; nevertheless; although; despite; no matter the; regardless of
full house; all seats occupied; fully occupied