north; the North; northern territories; North Korea; (arch.) north wind
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
ground; earth; the solid earth; the (vast) land
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
center; centre; middle; -centered; -centred; -focused
(those) who are; (that) which is; in the capacity of
in comparison to; rather than
railway station; train station; staging post on a highway (in pre-modern Japan); counter for railway stations and bus stations
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be separated; to be apart; to leave; to go away; to leave (a job, etc.); to quit
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
outskirts (of a town); edge (of a town); just outside the city limits
vast; extensive; immense; huge; large; grand
neighborhood; vicinity; environs; approaching
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
to be attached; to be connected with; to remain imprinted; to scar; to bear (fruit, interest, etc.); to be acquired (of a habit, ability, etc.); to increase (of strength, etc.)
reasonably; fairly; hurriedly; in a rush; approximately; about
scale; scope; plan; structure
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
grounds (esp. of shrines and temples); compound; churchyard; precincts
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
zealous; enthusiastic; ardent; fervent; keen; eager
(stone) guardian lion-dogs at Shinto shrine
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
woman; female; feminine gender
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
phew; whew; huff; whoo; wohoo
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
in that way; thus; so; so?
to mutter; to murmur; to grumble; to tweet (Twitter)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
to pass; to elapse; to pass through; to go through; to experience; to go through
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
glossy black (hair); (lit.) color of a crow with wet feathers