today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
older sister; elder sister
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to draw; to paint; to depict; to describe; to picture in one's mind; to imagine
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
one's house; one's home; one's family
to invite; to ask; to beckon; to wave someone in; to call in; to send for
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
dimly; faintly; absentmindedly; vacantly; idly; aimlessly
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
while; during; while; although; all; both
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
severe; strict; hard (to do); difficult; intense (e.g. cold); harsh (weather)
three; three years of age
to be separated; to be apart; to leave; to go away; to leave (a job, etc.); to quit
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
infatuation; adoration; blind love; doting (on a child)
relatively; comparatively
rough; careless; slovenly; slipshod; rude; impolite
to deal with (a person); to treat; to deal with (a problem); to handle; to operate (e.g. a machine); to handle; to deal in
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
should; must; -able; probably; likely
education; schooling; training; culture; cultivation; education
vague; ambiguous; shady; disreputable; fuzzy
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to