indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
extramarital sex; affair; fooling around; infidelity; wantonness; unfaithfulness
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
surprise; astonishment; wonder; amazement
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
nothing but; none other than
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to call (someone) to (the door, phone, etc.); to tell (someone) to come; to call up (on the phone); to invoke (e.g. a subroutine); to call; to open (e.g. a file)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to go (to); to make one's way (to); to visit
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
of late; lately; this part; this point; here
another place; some other place; another (person or thing); other; beyond (one's expectations, imagination, etc.); outside
nobility; aristocracy; peerage
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
talks (i.e. formal discussions); conference; meeting
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
to collect; to gather; to save; to accumulate; to pile up
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
(in a) long time; long time (ago); while (ago); long ago; long while (ago); (in a) long while
tea (esp. green or barley); tea break; teatime; tea ceremony
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to drink; to swallow; to smoke (tobacco); to swallow up; to engulf; to suppress (one's anger, bitter feelings, etc.); to keep down
while; during; while; although; all; both
idle complaint; grumble; moha (ignorance, folly)
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to receive; to take; to get someone to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
promise; agreement; appointment; engagement; convention; rule
than; in comparison to; rather than; over; above
a little; a bit; a little while; a short time; a little way; a short distance
fast; quick; early; soon; premature; too soon
to let pass; to allow through; to transmit (e.g. light, sound, etc.); to conduct (electricity); to stick through (e.g. a hole); to force through (e.g. an opening); to connect (e.g. two places)