prefix for forming ordinal numbers
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
tender; kind; gentle; graceful; affectionate; amiable
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
farewell; adieu; goodbye; so long
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
(historical) army base; navy base
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
various; all sorts of; variety of; (arch.) various colors (colours)
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
in that way; thus; so; so?
first of all; to begin with; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
Ashikaga Mochiuji (1398-1439)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
reconciliation; amicable settlement; court-mediated settlement; (arch.) translation of a foreign language into Japanese
messenger; envoy; emissary
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
correspondence (to); equivalence; suitability; coordination; dealing with; coping with
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
skillful; skilful; delicious; appetizing; fortunate; splendid
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
because ...; for ...; the reason being ...; as for ...; when it comes to ...; regarding ...
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then