indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
furnished with; including; attached to; impression; appearance; luck; sociality
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
travelling incognito (of a person of high rank); special palanquin for carrying a daimyo or his wife incognito
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
(in a) long time; long time (ago); while (ago); long ago; long while (ago); (in a) long while
castle town; city in Japan that developed around the castle of a feudal lord
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to visit; to call on; to arrive (of a season, situation, etc.); to come; to appear
because ...; for ...; the reason being ...; as for ...; when it comes to ...; regarding ...
meeting; conference; session; assembly; council; convention
going into battle; departure for the front; appearing (in a match); starting an election campaign
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
(military) expedition; campaign; expedition (for exploration, research, etc.); travelling (a long way); tour (by a sports team, performer, etc.)
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to spend all one's time doing; to do day in, day out; to do nothing but ...; to pass (of days)
to finish; to get through with; to graduate; to come to an end; to end; to finish doing ...
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
father; father (e.g. of a discipline); pioneer (e.g. of field of research); God; Father
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
older brother; elder brother; brother-in-law (spouse's older brother or older sister's husband)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
a lot; lots; enough; sufficient; enough; too many
to get angry; to get mad; to lose one's temper; to scold; to tell (someone) off
brush tip; first on a list; head; chief
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
tedious; boring; being fed up with
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
sermon; preaching; homily; remonstration; scolding; lecturing
thoroughly; completely; severely; harshly; (arch.) scattered; (arch.) disconnected
time; hour; period; class
to spend (time); to pass; to overdo (esp. alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); to take care of; to support
schedule; program; programme; agenda
preparations for a journey; travelling clothes; traveling clothes; travelling outfit
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
ceremony held before going into battle; ceremony to kick off an election campaign