indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
disqualification; elimination; incapacity; being unfit for one's role; being a failure
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
behavior; behaviour; conduct; entertainment; treat; feast
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
mystery; something inexplicable; unfathomable (of a Buddha's abilities); 10^64 (or 10^80)
invention; intelligent; clever; (arch.) making sense (of something); (arch.) understanding
immersing oneself in; being absorbed in; devoting oneself to; giving oneself up entirely to
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
imperial villa; royal villa; detached palace
to stay indoors; to be confined indoors
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
valuation; appraisal; evaluation; appreciation; recognition; acknowledgement
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
demon; devil; evil spirit; -crazed person; -obsessed person; fiend
learning; scholarship; study; study of ...; -ology; -ics
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
to recognize; to recognise; to deem; to judge; to approve; to deem acceptable; to admit
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
essence; true nature; substance; reality
to make sure of; to ascertain; to confirm; to grasp
one face; one surface; the whole surface; one aspect; one side; (on) the other hand; one broad, flat object
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
appropriate; adequate; suitable; fitting; worthy
to supplement; to make up for; to compensate for; to cover (a shortage, loss, etc.); to fill (e.g. a vacancy)
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
achievement; meritorious deed; distinguished service; contribution
to stand up; to put up; to thrust into; to bury into; to make (a noise); to start (a rumour); to make
the nail that sticks out gets hammered down; people that stick out too much get punished; tall trees catch much wind; people that excel at something become disliked
to talk about; to speak of; to recite; to chant; to indicate; to show
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)