if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
from the viewpoint of; according to
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to mark the end; to spell the end
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
anniversary of a person's death; monthly return of the date of someone's death
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to visit; to call on; to arrive (season, time, situation, etc.); to come; (arch.) to make a sound; (arch.) to send a letter
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
time; hour; period; class
to choose at one's own discretion; to choose when to do something; to estimate (the time for something)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
guidance; lead; guide; primer; influence; connections
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
the way back; the way home; return trip
suddenly; casually; accidentally; incidentally; unexpectedly; unintentionally
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
visit (to a shrine, grave, etc.); worship
to finish; to end; to merely result in something less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
there is no need to ...; never happens; there is never a time when
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
thanks to ...; owing to ...; because of ...
to lose one's way; to get lost; to waver; to hesitate; to give into temptation; to lose control of oneself
shop; store; somebody who sells (something) or works as (something); somebody with a (certain) personality trait; house; roof
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
minute (unit of time); fun (one tenth of a monme, 5.787 grains)
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of