abrupt; sudden; unexpected
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
working adult; full-fledged member of society
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
antiquity; the previous era
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
probability; likelihood; chances
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
don't you think?; indicates question
for example; for instance; e.g.
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
rough (estimate, manner, etc.); crude; broad; loose; careless (work)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
10^8; 100,000,000; hundred million
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
assumption; supposition; hypothesis
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
approximately; about; promise; appointment; shortening; reduction
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
super-; ultra-; extremely; really; over; more than
low (rank, degree, value, content, quality, etc.); low (position); close to the ground; short (height); deep (voice); in a low key
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
rate; ratio; comparatively; contrary to expectations
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
to be foolish; to be stupid; to be ridiculous
calculation; reckoning; count; forecast
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
possibly; apparently; (seem) likely; somehow or other; with difficulty; barely
falling from bicycle, motorcycle, etc. while driving (esp. in a race)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then