neighbouring country; neighboring country; adjacent country
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to reach; to touch; to be delivered; to arrive; to be attentive; to be scrupulous
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to receive; to get; to accept; to take (someone's words or behaviour); to interpret; to understand
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
name; given name; first name
confirmation; verification; validation; review; check; affirmation
to be surprised; to be taken aback; to be amazed; to be frightened; to be startled; to be alarmed
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)
north; the North; northern territories; North Korea; (arch.) north wind
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
place; position; location; position; standing; status
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
previous generation (of a family); previous head of the family; predecessor; previous age; previous generation
king; queen; monarch; the Crown (as a focus of authority in the UK, etc.); the throne
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
homeland; motherland; fatherland; native country
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
quiet; silent; slow; unhurried; calm; peaceful
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
office (e.g. the Oval Office)
just (now); quite (near); unintentionally; subconsciously
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
to work hard; to try hard; to strive; to endeavour; to endeavor; to devote oneself to
wherein; therein; thereinto
sudden; abrupt; urgent; pressing; steep; sharp; rapid