indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
myself; yourself; I; me; you
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
woman; female; feminine gender
simple; easy; uncomplicated; brief; quick; light
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
near; close; close (in time); soon; close (relationship); friendly
living; life (one's daily existence); livelihood
chest; breast; breasts; bosom; heart; lungs; stomach
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
considerably; fairly; quite
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
information; news; intelligence; information; data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.
consciousness; becoming aware (of); awareness; mano-vijnana (mental consciousness, cognizer of sensory information)
red; crimson; Red; communist; (arch.) beautiful
abruptly; suddenly; all of a sudden; without warning
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
action; conduct; behaviour; behavior; mobilization; mobilisation
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)