text (of a book, document, etc.); body (of a letter); this passage; this sentence
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to begin to write; to begin writing; to begin to draw; to begin drawing; to begin painting
on the occasion of; circumstances; juncture
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively
descriptive (narrative) part
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
(professional) storyteller; hereditary role of narrator in early imperial court
position (where one is standing); place where one stands; position; stance; standpoint
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
opinion; point of view; visual point
place; situation; position; location
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
not exceeding; and downward; below (e.g. standard); under (e.g. a level); the below-mentioned; the following
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
explanation; exposition; description; account; caption; legend
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
but; however; provided that
meaning; significance; sense
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
small; fine; minute; minor; trivial; sensitive
classification; categorization; sorting
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
advocate; disputant; debater; (present) writer; author
by means of; due to; because of; according to
subtle; delicate; difficult; complex; doubtful; questionable
to differ; to vary; to disagree
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
unity; consolidation; uniformity; unification; compatible
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
real condition; actual circumstances; actual state of affairs