examination; quiz; test; tryout; rehearsal (in filming)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to separate (by distance, time, etc.); to isolate; to interpose; to have between; to alienate; to estrange
latter period; second half; late stage; third trimester; second semester
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
lesson; class work; teaching; instruction
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
education; schooling; training; culture; cultivation; education
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
Saint; St.; S.; sacred; holy; pure
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
trot; half run; jog; girl in charge of menial tasks in a samurai family
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
movement; transfer; migration; mobile; moving; traveling
start; commencement; beginning; initiation
time; hour; period; class
just barely; only just; at the very limit; at the last moment
classroom; lecture room; department (in a university); class; lessons; school (for a particular discipline)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to jump in; to leap in; to plunge into; to burst in; to barge in
to be in time (for); to serve (suit, meet) the purpose; to be good enough; to be enough
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
relief; reassurance; recognition of right to land ownership (by the shogunate, a feudal lord, etc.); (arch.) living safely surrounded by walls
while; even though; despite
to open (e.g. doors); to open (e.g. business, etc.); to be empty; to be vacant; to be available; to be open (e.g. neckline, etc.); to have been opened (of one's eyes, mouth, etc.)
seat; location (of a gathering, etc.); place; position; post
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
to sit; to squat; to assume (a position); to hold steady; to hold still
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; bottom structural component (i.e. radical) of a kanji; means of transportation
to stop (moving); to come to a stop; to stop (doing, working, being supplied); to come to a halt; to alight; to perch on
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
don't you think?; indicates question
to look around; to survey