indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
opposite side; bottom; rear; back; lining; inside; in the shadows
ridge (of roof); back of a sword; counter for buildings, apartments, etc.
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
particularly; especially; in particular; expressly
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
tachibana orange (Citrus tachibana)
thin; pale; light; watery; thin; weak (taste, etc.); little (affection, etc.) not much (of a presence)
green; emerald green; green color of new foliage; verdure
to wear (in modern Japanese, from the shoulders down); to put on; to bear (guilt, etc.)
figure of a person; figures of people; shadow of a person
isolated; standing alone; falling in drops (e.g. rain); saying a single word; muttering just a few words
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
fence; paling; railing; (arch.) fortress
to hide; to be hidden; to conceal oneself; to disappear
upper half of the body; upper body
retreating figure; appearance from behind
almost; roughly; approximately
certain; sure; doubtless; I have no doubt; You can depend on it; It's a safe bet
reason; principle; general principle (as opposed to individual concrete phenomenon); (in neo-Confucianism) the underlying principles of the cosmos
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
front; frontage; facade; main
irritating; irritated; frustrating; vexing; (feeling things are) not quick enough; (feeling) too slow-going
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
state; state of affairs; appearance; look; sign; indication
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
to be silent; to say nothing