indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
brush tip; first on a list; head; chief
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
transmigration; reincarnation; metempsychosis
person; -er; (arch.) expert; (arch.) geisha; (arch.) prostitute
myself; yourself; I; me; you
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to recall; to remember; to recollect
unforgettable; impossible to forget; lucidly remember
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
holding (a conference, exhibition, etc.); opening; hosting (e.g. the Olympics)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
honorific/polite/humble prefix
residence; estate; grounds; premises; mansion
care-taking; house-sitting; house-watching; caretaker; house-sitter
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
somehow; for some reason; without knowing why
that day; the very same day
pretty; lovely; clean; clear; completely; entirely
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
participation; joining; entry; adherence
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
a lot; lots; enough; sufficient; enough; too many
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest