indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to fire (gun, arrow, questions, etc.); to shoot; to set free; to release; to emit (e.g. light); to give off (e.g. a scent)
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be surprised; to be astonished
for one's true nature to come out
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to apply for; to make an application; to propose (marriage); to offer (mediation); to make an overture (of peace); to challenge
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
funny; amusing; strange; odd; improper; unsuitable
don't you think?; indicates question
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
whole life; a lifetime; all through life; (the only, the greatest, etc.) of one's life
bachelorhood; single; unmarried; celibate
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
slow; time-consuming; late (in the day); towards the end (of the day or night); later (than expected or usual); late
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
detailed; full; minute; knowing very well; knowledgeable (about); well-acquainted (with)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
another day; some other day
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
good; OK; all right; fine; very well; will do
don't you think?; indicates question
to finish; to end; to merely result in something less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
absurd; unreasonable; extreme; senseless; disorderly; chaotic
to weigh on one's mind; to bother one; to be interested (in); to be curious (about); to feel like (doing); to feel inclined to