this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
stage (theatre, theater); scene or setting (e.g. of novel, play, etc.)
from the standpoint of; as a matter of (e.g. fact); aboard (a ship or vehicle); on top of; first volume (e.g. book); superior quality; best
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
pupil; student; schoolchild
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
right; right-hand side; afore-mentioned (esp. in vertical Japanese writing); foregoing; forgoing
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
schoolgirl; female student
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to summon; to call (e.g. phone); to convene; to invoke (e.g. subroutine); to call; to open (e.g. a file)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
side; edge; beside; while (doing); in addition to; at the same time
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
small build; small stature; petite; small pattern
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
tender; kind; gentle; graceful; affectionate; amiable
to hold in one's arms (e.g. a baby); to embrace; to hug; to have (a thought or feeling); to hold; to harbour (suspicion, doubt, etc.)
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
tall figure; high stature
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
fair-skinned; light-complexioned
to raise one's voice; to shout; to yell; to speak up (e.g. in protest); to speak one's mind
to wear glasses; to put on glasses
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
royal capital; imperial capital
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)