indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
until now; so far; up to the present
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
older sister; elder sister
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
it is no exaggeration to say; it is not too much to say
orchid; Netherlands; Holland
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
name; given name; first name
showy; brilliant; gorgeous; florid; gay
(physical) appearance (of a person); one's face and figure
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
when one was a very young child; very early in one's life
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
surroundings; environs; circumference
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to leak out; to escape; to find expression; to give vent; to leak out; to be divulged
fascination; to charm; to fascinate; to mesmerize
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
I wonder; do you think?; I might; some kind; some stage; somehow
maternity and gynaecology department (gynecology); department of obstetrics and gynaecology (gynecology)
pretty; charming; lovely; adorable
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be talked about; to get a name for oneself; to get publicity
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
(someone else's) daughter
suffix for familiar person
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
nursery school; day nursery; preschool
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
fame; reputation; popularity; rumour (rumor); talk
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
primary school; elementary school; grade school
junior high school; middle school; lower secondary school
senior high school; high school