year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to open (for business, etc.); to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
nth year in the Heisei era (1989.1.8-2019.4.30)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
Luoyang (China); Kyoto (alternative name)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
towards; against; regarding; in contrast with
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to join hands; to join forces; to work in cooperation; to link up; to partner with
opposition; rivalry; competition; antagonism
to decide to; to pretend that; to make a practice of doing; to make it a rule to
here and there; all around; everywhere; to get things in the wrong order (back to front); to become muddled up
(common) soldier; rank and file; army; troops; warfare; strategy
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
person; character; one's character; one's personality; able person; talented person
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to send out; to forward; to show (a person) out
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
blue; azure; green; green light (traffic); black (horse coat color); blue 5-point card; immature
state (US, Australia, India, Germany, etc.); province (e.g. Canada); continent; (arch.) dear
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
southern part; the south (of a region)
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
for; for the sake of; to one's advantage; because of; as a result of
first of all; to begin with; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
district; county; district (of 2-20 50-home neighbourhoods or townships, in the ritsuryo period)
strategist; tactician; schemer
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
China (sometimes also used in ref. to Korea or other foreign countries)
or; otherwise; furthermore; also; (arch.) perhaps; (arch.) by some chance; (arch.) that being said
naming; nominating; designating; calling on; asking for; requesting
to advance; to move forward; to carry forward (plans, work, etc.); to proceed with; to raise; to elevate
by means of; due to; because of; according to
pillage; plunder; looting; robbery
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more