tap-tap; knock-knock; cough-cough; bark (of a fox); yelp; heavily (e.g. of snow falling)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
door; gate; opening; title page
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to strike; to clap; to play drums; to abuse; to bash; to consult; to sound out
to make a sound; to give off a sound; to hear a sound
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
to raise one's face; to lift one's head; to raise one's eyes
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
myself; yourself; I; me; you
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
anyhow; in any case; at any rate; at best; at most
it is not (like that) either
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
sure; no mistaking it; for certain; without doubt
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
in that way; thus; so; so?
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
change; alteration; difference; distinction; something wrong; abnormality
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
how; in what way; how about
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
wife; your wife; his wife; married lady; madam