indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to recall; to remember; to recollect
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
luxurious and gorgeous; magnificent
banquet or reception hall
family; members of a family
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
time; hour; period; class
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
in that way; thus; so; so?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to shout; to cry; to scream; to clamor (for or against); to clamour (for or against)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
state of affairs (around you); situation; circumstances
-ical; -ive; -like; -ish; (something) like; along the lines of
grave; solemn; serious; harsh (e.g. truth); hard; strict
now; the present time; just now; another; more
bad (taste); unpalatable; poor; unskillful; ugly; unattractive
how; in what way; how about; questionable
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
any; anything; whatever; I am told; I hear; I understand
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
to be temperate in; to refrain; to make notes; to jot down (e.g. phone number); to be in preparation for; to be in waiting for
lady attendant; lady's maid; waiting maid