① 生産に必要な工場、労働力などが金銭で売買され、経済活動が利益を目的として資本に価値を求め、個人の意思にゆだねられる経済体制。
① 権力が人民の手にあり、行使していくという考え方および政治体制。民主制。
① 理念に基づいた一定の主張あるいは一定の思考体系を持つ人。② 左翼思想を持つ人。社会主義者。共産主義者。
① 財産を共有し、平等な社会をつくろうとする思想や運動。、によって体系づけられ、20世紀に入ってらによって発展させられた。現在ではをはじめ、、、など、いろいろな種類がある。
① 労働者が革命を起こすことで格差のない平等な社会を実現しようとする思想。共産主義。マルクス・レーニン主義。
merit system (as opposed to seniority); meritocracy; ability-ism
opportunism; double standards; timeserving; expediency
individualism; egoism; selfishness
one's principles and position
principle of laissez-faire
① 19世紀後半、資本主義諸国が軍事力を背景にして、アジアやアフリカに原料の入手先と製品の輸出先を求めるだけでなく、資本そのものを投下して経済的に自由な行動を行い、相手国の経済を握って、植民地や勢力範囲を広げた運動。
egoism; egotism; selfishness
(principle of) letting sleeping dogs lie; peace-at-any-price; don't rock the boat
① 共和制を支持する考え方。君主を置かず、国民から選ばれた代表者のみで国家を統治すべきだという考え方。
① 軍事力により国威を示し国家を繁栄させることを重視し、政治・経済・教育などの全てを軍事力強化に従属させようとする考え。
① 個人の利益よりも国家全体の利益を優先する考え。
① 人類愛の立場から人類全体の幸福の実現を図ろうとする主義。
meritocracy; merit system
① 国家や一切の政治権力を否定し個人による調和的な社会をつくろうとする思想や運動。別名。アナキズム。
behaviorism; behaviourism; activism
empiricism; judging things from personal experience
① 肉を避けて植物性の食品を中心とする食事が良いとする考え方。
jus sanguinis; principle that citizenship is determined by that of one's parents
① 国家の価値や秩序を第一と考え、国民の権利よりも国家の利益を優先させる思想や運動。
illuminism; enlightenment
bottom-up approach to management; on-the-spot decision-making; hands-on approach (policy, etc.)
voluntary singlehood (as a principle or creed); singlehood by choice
① 自分の国の歴史や伝統、政治、文化などが、他の国よりも優れているとして、それを守り、発展させようとする考え方。
familism; the treatment of society (an organization) as a family
(the principle of) nonresistance
Expressionism; representationalism
symbolism (19th-century artistic movement)
opportunism; double standards; timeserving; expediency
principle of living only for the moment
(principle of) letting sleeping dogs lie; peace-at-any-price; don't rock the boat
principles underpinning an agriculturally based economy
results-oriented approach; resultism; belief in results
① 主人と家臣が御恩と奉公という関係で結ばれた社会の仕組み。
① 感性的欲望を抑えて克服し、道徳上・宗教上の理想を実現しようとする思想。
intuitionism; intuitionalism
Nondenominationalism (a Japanese Christian group)
exclusivism; exclusionism
severe punishment policy; zero-tolerance policy; draconianism
antiforeignism; exclusionism; exclusivism; chauvinism
constitutionalism; rule of law; legalism
① 近代市民社会の原理を確立しようとする主張。② 19世紀末から20世紀初頭のカトリック教会で起こった近代化の思想運動。③ モダニズム。
(Sun Yat-sen's) Three Principles of the People
big family principle; extended family policy
the Orient for the Orientals
Monroe Doctrine; Monroeism
(national) isolationism; isolation policy
Machism (philosophical ideas of Ernst Mach)
sectarianism; sectionalism
collectivism (giving priority to a group rather than any individual member)
(principle of) letting sleeping dogs lie; peace-at-any-price; don't rock the boat
principle of laissez-faire
diversionary tactics; concealing one's true motives until the last moment
demerit system; points-off system
① 外国人に権利を認める場合に、その本国が自国民に同様の権利を認めていることを条件とする主義。
nulla poena sine lege; no punishment without law
family-oriented way of life; family-first way of life; cocooning
gradualism; slow-and-steady policy
the principle of honorable death and no surrender
evangelicalism; evangelism
Islamism; political Islam; Islamic fundamentalism
anticommunism; anti-communism
backward-looking philosophy (ideology); conservatism
policy favouring major powers; policy of great powers favorable only to themselves
governing by law and reason rather than by military force
governing by law and reason rather than by military force
principle of virtuous government; virtue as the principle of good government
standardization; standardisation
the "three noes principle" of no drive, no interest, and no sense of responsibility; principle of indolence, indifference, and irresponsibility
experimentalism (philosophy, esp. Dewey); experientialism
principle of territorial jurisdiction
regionalism; sectionalism; localism
transcendentalism (literary style); Parnassianism
White Australia Policy (pre-1965 Australian immigration policy)
democracy (as propounded by Sun Yat-sen)
jus soli; (principle of) birthright citizenship
sectarianism; sectionalism
jus soli; (principle of) birthright citizenship
Neue Sachlichkeit (German art movement); New Objectivity
principle (or ideology) of international cooperation
the principle of see no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil; the policy of "see-not, hear-not, and speak-not"
ultraconservative doctrine; ultraconservative policy
the principle of pleasing everyone; make-everybody-happy policy
principle of nationality (according to which an offender should be tried in accordance with the law of his or her own country)
(principle of) self-sufficiency
cost basis; cost principle
slapdash approach; rough-and-ready method; speed-before-quality policy
laying low, awaiting one's chance
Islamism; political Islam; Islamic fundamentalism
White Australia Policy (pre-1965 Australian immigration policy)
America First (U.S. policy)
policy of alignment with the United Nations; UN-centrism
tokenism; appearance for appearance's sake
first-to-invent principle (in patent law); first-to-invent system
principle of national self-determination
market price basis; market price principle
banking principle; banking doctrine
first-to-file principle (in patent law); first-to-file system
advocacy of consumer rights (product safety, accurate labelling, etc.); consumer activism; consumer advocacy; consumer spending; high levels of consumption
no-fault liability principle
control-oriented education
(belief in the desirability of) education by rote learning
creophagism; creophagy; carnism
currency principle; currency doctrine
ability-to-pay principle (of taxation)
social constructionism; social constructivism
strategy of close-quarters fighting
principle of nonalignment; nonalignment policy
retributivism; retributive justice; principle of punitive justice; belief that crimes deserve suitable punishment
fault liability principle
retributivism; retributive justice; principle of punitive justice; belief that crimes deserve suitable punishment
philanthropinism; educational system established by J. B. Basedow
meritocracy; performance-based system; achievement-based system
(Sun Yat-sen's) Three Principles of the People
neo-romanticism; neoromanticism
archaism; pseudoclassicism
inclusionism; inclusivism
exclusionism; exclusivism
principle of being fair and just; fair and unbiased policy (unbiassed)
worship or admiration of Western cultures
Japanism; Japanese nationalistic ideological movement
Japanism; Japanese nationalistic ideological movement