Bunkyū era (1861.2.19-1864.2.20)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
contacting; (making) contact; connection (with a train, bus, etc.); joining (a railway line, etc.); connection (between matters, incidents, etc.); relation
to stop; to cease; to come to an end; to cut off
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
imperial capital (esp. Kyoto); final word of an iroha poem; 10^16; 10,000,000,000,000,000
to visit; to call on; to arrive (season, time, situation, etc.); to come; (arch.) to make a sound; (arch.) to send a letter
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to see; to witness; to observe; to catch sight of; to get a glimpse of; to encounter
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
red; crimson; Red; communist; (arch.) beautiful
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to attack; to assail; to succeed (someone in a post, role, etc.); to make a sudden visit
Shinsengumi; Edo period police and military force dedicated to suppressing anti-shogunate activities
rakshasa; man-eating demon in Hinduism and Buddhism
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to rescue from; to help out of; to save
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
people; (all) persons; you (usu. plural); various
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
secret; secrecy; mystery; secret (e.g. to success); esoteric teachings
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
similarly; same (idea); same (name)
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
together; jointly; at the same time; with; both
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
deputy head; deputy director; vice chief (of something); executive officer (navy)
position; situation; viewpoint; standpoint; point of view
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
living; life (one's daily existence); livelihood