ditch; drain; groove; tread; gap (between people, countries, etc.); gulf
examination; quiz; test; tryout; rehearsal (in filming)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to change; to change into; to become
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
immediately; at once; soon; before long; easily; readily
to leak out (a secret); to be exposed (a lie, improper behaviour, etc.); to be found out; to get away (of fish)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
threat; menace; coercion; terrorism
imitation; fake; phony; pseudo-
young lady of noble birth; princess (esp. in Western contexts, tales, etc.); girl; small; cute; (arch.) prostitute
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
number one; first; best; most; game; round
near; close; beside; vicinity; proximity; besides
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
myself; yourself; I; me; you
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to do in place of or on behalf of (someone)
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
to anyone; to everyone; by anyone; by everyone; in everyone; in anyone
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
state; state of affairs; appearance; look; sign; indication
funny; amusing; strange; odd; improper; unsuitable
to touch; to come in contact with; to receive (e.g. visitor); to attend to; to receive (news); to get; to encounter
attitude; manner; behaviour; attitude (towards an issue, etc.); position; stance
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
haughty; arrogant; insolent; proud; overbearing
slap in the face; slap on the cheek
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
box; case; car (of a train, etc.); shamisen case; shamisen; public building; community building
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
demoness; witch; ogress; married woman