suffix for familiar person
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
it is, isn't it?; I know, right?; innit?
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
in that manner; like that
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
words of praise; eulogy; compliment
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
homework; assignment; pending issue; unresolved problem; open question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to transcribe; to duplicate; to describe; to film; to picture
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
instead of; in place of; as a substitute for; in exchange for; in return for; to make up for
one's turn for doing the sweeping (cleaning)
to take on; to undertake; to take over; to inherit; to guarantee; to vouch for
anyway; anyhow; as one likes; by all means; at any cost; no matter what it takes
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to need; to call for; to require
to be born; to come into the world
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
father; dad; husband; you; he
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
quarrel; brawl; fight; squabble; scuffle; argument
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to desire; to wish for; to expect; to see; to command (a view of)
look here; I say; well; I know what; I'll tell you what; just a minute
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
writing (an essay, prose, etc.); composition; formal writing with little real meaning
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
parent; parents; dealer (in cards, mahjong, etc.); banker; founder; inventor; (pet) owner
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to summon; to call (e.g. phone); to convene; to invoke (e.g. subroutine); to call; to open (e.g. a file)
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
these days; nowadays; now; at present; recently; lately
quite; entirely; completely; as if; as though; just like