indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
village; hamlet; countryside; country; home (of one's parents, etc.); hometown
arm; skill; efforts; ability
business; task; use; purpose; for the use of ...; used for ...
guard; protector; defensive armament; personal armor (armour)
red; crimson; Red; communist; (arch.) beautiful
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
iron (Fe); strong and hard (as iron); railway; railway enthusiast
ingredient; (raw) material; unprocessed timber; raw timber; subject matter; topic
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to tie up in a bundle (e.g. straw, hair, bills, letters); to bundle; to govern; to manage; to fold (one's arms); to put together (one's hands)
and; moreover; besides; as well as; and on top of that; at the same time
hard; solid; stiff; tight; strong; firm (not viscous or easily moved); safe
protection; defense; providence; amulet; charm
feature; trait; characteristic; peculiarity; distinction
skin; hide; rind; peel; shell; sheath
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
base; basis; base (e.g. military); depot; base; base bag
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
light (i.e. not heavy); feeling light (i.e. offering little resistance, moving easily); light (i.e. of foot); effortless; non-serious; minor; slight
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to deal with (a person); to treat; to deal with (a problem); to handle; to operate (e.g. a machine); to handle; to deal in
easy; likely to ...; have a tendency to ...; easy to ...
important point; emphasis; iteration mark; colon (punctuation)
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
making; producing; appearance (attire, make-up, etc.); build; physique; sashimi
to knit; to plait; to braid; to compile (anthology, dictionary, etc.); to edit
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
solid; firm; stout; burly; strong; sturdy
care; looking after; repair; (police) raid; crackdown
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
popularity; public favor; condition (e.g. market); tone; character
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
region; limits; stage; level
basics; fundamentals; basis; foundation
origin; source; history; originally; from the start; by nature
to become known; to come to light; to be known; to be understood; to clearly not amount to much; to be insignificant
bone; frame; outline; core; backbone; spirit
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at