indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
dragon (esp. a Chinese dragon); naga; semi-divine human-cobra chimera in Hindu and Buddhist mythology; promoted rook
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
village; hamlet; countryside; country; home (of one's parents, etc.); hometown
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
ingredient; (raw) material; unprocessed timber; raw timber; subject matter; topic
monster; monstrosity; giant; influential figure; monsterlike; over-demanding
dragon (esp. a Chinese dragon); naga; semi-divine human-cobra chimera in Hindu and Buddhist mythology; promoted rook
strengthening; intensifying; reinforcement; enhancement; solidification
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
business; task; use; purpose; for the use of ...; used for ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
weapon; arms; ordnance; weapon (something used to gain an advantage); asset
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
item; something that one "just has to have"
attribute; property; context; character class, type, fetish, etc.
walking around at night; night travel; night train
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
selection; choice; option
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
dango; dumpling (usu. sweet); ball-shaped object; something round; lump; group
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk