indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
bird; bird meat (esp. chicken meat); fowl; poultry
(animal) feed; fodder; pet food; bait; lure; enticement
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
opposite side; bottom; rear; back; lining; inside; in the shadows
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to be careful; to pay attention; to take care
bad (taste); unpalatable; poor; unskillful; ugly; unattractive
bulletin board; notice board; billboard; roadside sign; sign on a post, usu. wooden, esp. containing information about a sight, warning, congratulations, etc.
green; greenery (esp. fresh verdure)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
in that way; thus; so; so?
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
it is not (like that) either
small; little; slight; below average (in degree, amount, etc.); low (e.g. sound); soft (e.g. voice)