indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
in that way; thus; so; so?
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
it is not (like that) either
small; little; slight; below average (in degree, amount, etc.); low (e.g. sound); soft (e.g. voice)
to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
seeming to be; appearing to be; like; similar to; in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
slowly; unhurriedly; easily (e.g. in time); well; well (e.g. sleep); comfortably
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
I wonder; do you think?; I might; some kind; some stage; somehow
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give