Meiji era (1868.9.8-1912.7.30)
middle period; medium-term
enterprising man; businessman; industrialist
surface; face (i.e. the visible side of an object); front (of a building, etc.); obverse side (i.e. "head") of a coin; outside; exterior; appearance
qualifications; requirements; capabilities
neighboring country; neighbouring country; provinces close to Kyoto (under ritsuryo system)
written appeal; manifesto; declaration
pitiful; unfortunate; poor; unpardonable; regrettable
from one's side; from the side (of something); from someone unconnected; from someone uninvolved
cold reception; inhospitality
distinction; differentiation; discrimination; discrimination (against people)
to get angry; to take offense; to take offence; to be furious
fallen scraps; scatterings; leftovers; remainder; student who cannot keep up in school; dropout (from school, society, a movement, etc.)
two people; two monarchs; two rulers
argument; discussion; dispute; controversy
collection (e.g. of a debt); dunning; selection (for a position); exceptional promotion; fresh; freshly picked
to shake one's head (in denial)
pure; true; genuine; unmixed
to also be (implies that as well as the earlier stated this is also the case); to be ... or something
buzzword; vogue word; popular phrase
holding one's ground; defending local authority
to slip out; to sneak away; to break into the lead; to get ahead; to begin to fall out (e.g. hair); to break out (of a loop)
decisive action; carrying out; resolute enforcement; execution
immediate follower (of the shogun)
simple and clear; plain and simple
old-fashioned; archaic; antique; antiquated
Warring States period (of Japanese history, approx. 1467-1568 CE); Sengoku period; Warring States period (of Chinese history, 403-221 BCE); era of vicious competition
ronin; masterless samurai
to rely on; to depend on; to count on; to turn to (for help)
battle formation; camp; encampment; group; gang; war
fighting as a volunteer mercenary
work; labor; achievement; performance; salary; income
to collect (debts); to dun; to appoint; to promote; to emphasize; to focus on
to come to mind; to pop into one's head
mainly; chiefly; primarily; for the most part