woman; female; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
Shinsengumi; Edo-period police and military force dedicated to suppressing anti-shogunate activities
bureau director; office chief
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
deputy head; deputy director; vice chief (of something); executive officer (navy)
Hijikata Toshizou (1835.5.31-1869.6.20)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
two persons; two people; pair; couple
only; just; (ever) since; after; continuously; remaining (in a particular state)
place; location; room; space; sumo tournament
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
year; age; years; past one's prime; old age
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
to kill (a human) using a blade (sword, machete, knife, etc.); to slice (off); to lop (off); to cut (off)
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
consultation; discussion; discussing; asking (someone) for advice
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
end; finish; bound; limit; delivery date (of a futures contract); finale (of a noh song); end of an act (in jōruri or kabuki)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
guy; fellow; chap; bastard; asshole; arsehole
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
how; in what way; how about
just (now); quite (near); unintentionally; subconsciously
to be buried; to be covered; to overflow; to be crowded; to be repaid (e.g. debt); to be replenished
whereabouts; country; one's home village; one's residence
ground; land; the region in question; the local area; skin; texture; fabric
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
bravery; courage; heroism
coming out; going out; attending (work); appearing (on stage); start; beginning; origins
along (a river, coast, railway, etc.); on (e.g. a street)
Japanese league; ri; neighbourhood (under the ritsuryō system; orig. of 50 homes); unit of area (approx. 654 m by 654 m)
to be separated; to be apart; to leave; to go away; to leave (a job, etc.); to quit