female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
Shinsengumi; Edo period police and military force dedicated to suppressing anti-shogunate activities
bureau director; office chief
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
deputy head; deputy director; vice chief (of something); executive officer (navy)
Hijikata Toshizou (1835.5.31-1869.6.20)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
two persons; two people; pair; couple
only; just; since; after; remaining (in a particular state)
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
year; age; years; past one's prime; old age
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
to kill (a human) using a blade (sword, machete, knife, etc.); to slice (off); to lop (off); to cut (off)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
consultation; discussion; discussing; asking (somebody) for advice
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
end; finish; bounds; limits; delivery date (of a futures contract); finale (of a noh song); end of an act (in jōruri or kabuki)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
guy; fellow; chap; bastard; asshole; arsehole
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
how; in what way; how about
just (now); quite (near); unintentionally; subconsciously
to be buried; to be covered; to overflow; to be crowded; to be repaid (e.g. debt); to be replenished
whereabouts; country; one's home village; one's residence
(arch.) the art of war; (arch.) martial arts; military force; the sword; valor; bravery
state (US, Australia, India, Germany, etc.); province (e.g. Canada); continent; (arch.) dear
ground; land; the region in question; the local area; skin; texture; fabric
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
bravery; courage; heroism
koku; traditional unit of volume, approx. 180.4 litres; measure of a Japanese-style boat's loading capacity (approx. 278.26 liters)
coming out; going out; attending (work); appearing (on stage); start; beginning; origins