Maki Izumi (1813.4.7-1864.8.22)
backing; support; backer; shield that protects one's back
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
Emperor Koumei; Koumei Tenno (1831-1866 CE, reigning: 1846-1866 CE)
(ancient) Japan; Yamato (former province located in present-day Nara Prefecture)
to plan; to plot; to attempt (e.g. suicide, murder); to undertake (e.g. business); (arch.) to stand on tip-toes
to originate with; to start with; to stem from
visit to a shrine or temple; paying homage at a shrine or temple
expel the barbarians; expulsion of the foreigners; late Edo period (19th century) revolutionary slogan
to swear; to vow; to take an oath; to pledge
force; vigor; influence; authority; impetus; momentum
the whole world; the whole country; society; the public; supremacy over a nation; government of a country; having one's own way
to name; to take a second name or alias; to announce; to boast; to declare
overthrow of the shogunate
plan; project; schedule; scheme; program; programme
hardness and softness; hard line and moderate line
to mix; to combine; to exchange (words, fire, etc.); to cross (e.g. swords); to join together
political maneuvering; politicking; political machinations
to succeed; to bear fruit
imperial decree; imperial edict
revere the Emperor; expel the western barbarians (19th century slogan)
clique; group; (political) faction; wing; school; sect
acting rashly; running wildly; runaway (process); reckless baserunning
apprehensions; misgivings; uneasiness; anxiety; fear
shogunate marital union with the Imperial Family
counterattack; counteroffensive; counterblow
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
meeting; assembly; party; society; association; club
Tsu (city in Mie); harbour; harbor; ferry
Satsuma (former province located in the west of present-day Kagoshima Prefecture); sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)
to join hands; to join forces; to work in cooperation; to link up; to partner with
to be open (to traffic); to lead to; to flow (liquid, current); to pass; to be understood; to be comprehended; to be honored
series; sequence; keiretsu (group); conglomeration of businesses linked by cross-shareholdings; affiliated; subsidiary
court noble; nobility; Imperial Court
in one go; in one gulp; in one breath; immediately; instantly; right away
condition; situation; prospects
(sudden) change; reversal; turn-around; coming from behind (baseball)
to go upstream; to go back (in time, to origin); to date back to; to trace back to
Bunkyū era (1861.2.19-1864.2.20)