to apologize; to apologise
kudzu (Pueraria montana); Japanese arrowroot; Chinese moonseed (Sinomenium acutum)
remnants; survivors; refugees; pocket (of resistance)
reigning; controlling; dictating
surrounding countries; neighboring countries; neighbouring countries
downfall; ruin; collapse; destruction
one's relatives by blood and marriage (in blood and law); one's kith and kin
considerably; not a little; in no small numbers
relation; connection; affinity
filling (up) a hole; filling in (for a gap, vacancy, etc.); stopgap; making up (for a loss, damage, etc.); covering (a deficit); cloze deletion (test format)
crops; agricultural produce
discharge; outward flow; efflux; leak of (private) information or pictures
sudden; abrupt; rapid; sharp; drastic; radical
appointment; assignment; promotion
allegiance; obedience; submission
to begin to appear; to begin to come in
tolerant; big; flexible; big-hearted; accepting; open-minded
to attract; to draw near; to charm; to attract; to have a convulsion
to say in other words; to put another way; to express in different words; to reword; to rephrase
cheap; rash; thoughtless; careless
a little bit; a little while
moustache; beard; whiskers (on a cat, etc.); feelers (on an insect, etc.); shadow (on a candlestick chart)
stinginess; miserliness; parsimony
or something; for instance ... (though there are other suitable options); ... or ...; as soon as; right after; while still
duty; sense of duty; honor; in-law; relation by marriage
cheap; inexpensive; calm; peaceful; quiet
Dewa (former province located in present-day Yamagata and Akita prefectures)
Muromachi period (1333-1573)
to manufacture; to produce; to raise (crops); to invent; to dream up; to create
successive generations; successive emperors
special selection; finest pick; top pick
judgement; judgment; connoisseur
figure; design; twill weave; pattern of diagonal stripes; style (of writing); figure (of speech); design
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
to inhale; to breathe in; to suck up; to absorb; to soak up
suguha; straight temper line (on a sword)
extraordinary; special; exceptional; non-standard grammatical construction; ungrammatical usage; solecism
ancestral; hereditary; generation after generation; passing from father to son
to inherit; to succeed; to take over
anciently; formerly; old times; a long time ago
source (of a river); fountainhead; source; origin; root