indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
decoration; ornament; trimmings
string; cord; man who is financially dependent on a woman; gigolo; restrictions; conditions
to incline one's head to the side (in doubt); to tilt one's head to the side (in confusion); to be puzzled
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to nod; to bow one's head in assent; to agree
I; me; personal (affairs, etc.); private; selfishness; partiality
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
finally; at last; barely; narrowly; gradually; little by little
to rise; to erect; to get up
to reach the point that; to come to be that; to turn into
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
going out; outing; leaving (one's home, office, etc.)
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
in that way; thus; so; so?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
complexion; one's colour; one's color; countenance; expression; one's face
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
pale; pallid; bluish-white
to be haggard; to be gaunt; to be emaciated; to be worn out (e.g. illness, worry)
pitiful; pathetic; painful to look at
physical condition; state of health
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to tell (a story); to give an account of (an event, experience, etc.); to relate; to tell of; to show; to indicate
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
natural; right; proper; naturally; as a matter of course; rightly
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
by means of; due to; because of; according to
inside of a castle; area surrounded by castle walls