to go upstream; to go back (in time, to origin); to date back to; to trace back to
season when the sky is clear and the air warm (spring); first ten days of the fourth lunar month
paulownia crest (three leaves with seven blossoms on the center lead and five blossoms on each side leaf)
counter for leaves, pieces of paper, etc.; (arch.) counter for boats
ancestor; forefather; foremother
source (of a river); fountainhead; source; origin; root
Emperor Go-Reizei; Go-Reizei Tenno (1025-1068 CE, reigning: 1045-1068 CE)
grant; bestowal; giving something to someone of low social standing (by a person of very high social standing)
chapter; section; medal; badge; insignia
male coming-of-age-ceremony; shaving one's eyebrows, blackening one's teeth, and wearing one's hair in the marumage style (of a newly married woman; Edo period)
Emperor Go-Hanazono; Go-Hanazono Tenno (1419-1470 CE, reigning: 1428-1464 CE)
in-law; relative by marriage
eminent; prominent; distinguished; ringing (of metal); resonant (of a musical instrument)
eldest child; oldest child; first child; eldest son; oldest son
heir; successor; family estate; family fortune; headship of a family
to succeed (a person, to a position, etc.); to inherit; to patch (clothes); to mend; to add (e.g. charcoal to the fire); to replenish with
to become related (through marriage, adoption, etc.); to form a connection (with Buddha)
Satsuma (former province located in the west of present-day Kagoshima Prefecture); sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)
to wed; to be married; to shift blame to someone else
Tsugaru (Western region of Aomori Prefecture)
older sister; elder sister
young lady of noble birth; princess (esp. in Western contexts, tales, etc.); girl; small; cute; (arch.) prostitute
major general; rear admiral; air commodore
century; hundred years; (fig.) a long time
to continue for a long time; to undergo a repeated series
hero; heroine; Eroica Symphony (Beethoven, 1804); Heroic Polonaise (Chopin)
modern style; contemporary style; current fashion; verse form from the Heian and Kamakura periods consisting of 4 lines each divided into two parts of 7 and 5 syllables
(a feeling of) identification (with); sense of belonging
filial piety; being kind to one's parents; taking care of one's parents
have to do; must; should; ought to
another place; somewhere else; outside (one's family or group); someone else; not caring for; being indifferent to