indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to stop walking; to pause
subordinate; secondary; junior; incidental
Island; insula; island; islet
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
business district; shopping district; bustling street; shopping centre; shopping center; downtown
one plot (of land); one block (i.e. one city block); one area; one brush stroke; one kanji stroke
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
noisily (e.g. from many people talking); creating a commotion; rustling (leaves); feeling a chill; getting the chills
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to go through; to pass through; to get through; to cut across
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
coach (horse-drawn); carriage; wagon; cart
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
quick pace; quick steps; quick march; trot (horse gait)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
canopy; dome; priestly minstrel's reed hood; reed hood worn by Komuso priests
below; down; bottom; beneath; underneath; just after; right after
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to stand side by side; to stand in a row
shop; small store; business; firm
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
to sew; to stitch; to weave one's way (e.g. through a crowd)
to be crowded; to be packed; to be jammed
alley; alleyway; teahouse garden; path through a gate (or through a garden, etc.)
to come out; to fall out; to fade; to discolour; to wear a hole (e.g. clothes); to leave (e.g. a meeting); to be clear
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
order of chivalry; chivalric order
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
to hold in one's arms; to carry in one's arms; to have (problems, debts, etc.); to take on (a responsibility); to employ; to have (on one's staff)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)