hour; o'clock; (specified) time; when ...; during ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
silence; stillness; quietness
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to look around; to survey
while; during; while; although; all; both
small; little; slight; below average (in degree, amount, etc.); low (e.g. sound); soft (e.g. voice)
to mutter; to murmur; to grumble; to tweet (Twitter)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
counter for flat objects (e.g. sheets of paper); (arch.) counter for positions or roles; (arch.) counter for food portions (now only gyōza and soba); counter for ranking level
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to pile up; to accumulate
document; official papers
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
boldface; bold-type; thick characters
printed style (of writing Chinese characters); square style; block style; standard style
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
unification; bringing together; generalization; control; supervision
head of the student council; president of the student council
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
horizontal (as opposed to vertical); lying down; side-to-side (as opposed to front-to-back); width; side (of a box, etc.); beside
to place on (something); to give (someone) a ride; to give a lift; to load (luggage); to carry; to send out (on the airwaves, etc.); to deceive
those (near the second person)
portrait photo; mug shot; face shot; photograph of a person's face
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
mention (in a document); record; entry; statement; listing