traditional (Chinese or Japanese) dry landscape garden
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
garden; yard; courtyard; field (of action); area
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to look at; to gaze at; to look out over; to get a view of; to look on (from the sidelines); to stand by and watch
nothing; naught; nought; un-; non-
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to sigh; to breathe a sigh
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
star (usu. not including the Sun); planet (usu. not including Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); star (actor, player, etc.); small dot; spot; star point (in go)
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
one's cherished opinion; pet theory
in that way; thus; so; so?
to cover; to hide; to conceal; to wrap; to disguise
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
to be prominent; to be conspicuous
really; truly; indeed; good grief
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
distinctly (standing out); clearly; in sharp relief; boldly
solitude; loneliness; isolation
to float; to be suspended; to rise to the surface; to appear; to come to mind; to have inspiration
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to hide; to be hidden; to conceal oneself; to disappear
to become dim; to become blurred
surroundings; environs; circumference
to shine on; to illuminate; to compare (with); to refer to
faint; indistinct; dim; (arch.) few; (arch.) a little
light; well-lit; bright (of a colour); brightly-coloured; cheerful; bright; encouraging (for the future of a project, etc.)
to throw away; to cast away; to abandon; to desert; to give up; to resign
difficult to ...; hard to ...