prologue; prolog; Prolog (Programming in Logic)
eastern part; the east (of a region)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
sky; heaven; God; svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth); deva (divine being of Buddhism); top (of a book); sole (of a Japanese sandal)
to stretch; to extend; to straighten out; to be flattened; to spread (of paint, cream, etc.); to stretch out (e.g. of a hand); to extend
wonderful; marvelous; strange; strangely enough; oddly enough; for some reason
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
(religious) faith; belief; creed
people; race; nation; ethnic group; ethnos
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
appearance; arrival; make one's appearance
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
arms; weapons (of war); armor; armour
divine messenger; messenger of a god (esp. an animal messenger)
patriarch; head of a family
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
mission; errand; task; duty; obligation
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
true character; true form; true colors (colours); consciousness; one's senses
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
art; technique; means; way; trick; trap
equation; formula; ceremony; style; (arch.) enforcement regulations (of the ritsuryo)
reason; principle; general principle (as opposed to individual concrete phenomenon); (in neo-Confucianism) the underlying principles of the cosmos
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
in that way; thus; so; so?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
naming; giving a name; designation; nominal
to use; to make use of; to utilize; to utilise
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
teaching; instruction; teachings; precept; lesson; doctrine
faithful; devoted; loyal; honest; true
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
from long ago; from old times; from time immemorial