this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
single word; a few words; brief comment
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
cherry tree; cherry blossom; light pink; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
flowering; blooming; blossoming; flowering (of a civilization, talent, etc.); blossoming; blooming
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to tell; to inform; to announce; to indicate; to signal; to mark
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
many; much; majority (of); greater part (of); mostly; mainly
meaning; significance; sense
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to contain; to comprise; to hold in the mouth; to bear in mind; to understand; to express (emotion, etc.)
cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull
to finish; to get through with; to graduate; to come to an end; to end; to finish doing ...
bright (weather, mood, voice, etc.); clear; fine; beautiful; glorious; splendid
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
visit; call; arrival (e.g. of spring); advent; news; tidings
joy; delight; rapture; pleasure; gratification; rejoicing
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
probably; (most) likely; in all likelihood; I suspect; I dare say; I'm afraid
to be delighted; to be glad; to congratulate; to welcome (a proposal, advice, etc.); to take kindly to; to do with pleasure
state of mind; (one's) mental state
will; probably; may; I think; surely; I hope
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
celebration (of a joyous occasion); blessing; giving one's blessing; blessing (from God)
that's the way it is; such is life
to feel; to sense; to be moved (by); to be touched (by); to become infected with (an illness); to catch
now; the present time; just now; another; more
state; condition; situation; appearance; circumstances
exactly; just; right (when); just (as); just (about to); on the point of
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
to clear up; to clear away; to refresh (e.g. spirits); to be cleared (e.g. of a suspicion); to be dispelled; to be banished
wish; desire; ambition; choice
Kyoto Prefectural University