elementary school; primary school; school for children over eight years old in ancient China; traditional Chinese philology
beautiful; lovely; heartwarming; beautiful
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
couple who only go through the motions of being husband and wife
volume (of book); reel (of film); scroll (of books or paintings); roll (paper, etc.)
yen (Japanese monetary unit); circle
illustration; picture; sketch; drawing; figure
to peel; to skin; to pare; to hull; to bare (e.g. fangs); to open wide (e.g. eyes)
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
cheerful; lively; lighthearted
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
My goodness (expresses surprise, wonder, etc.); very; extremely
honorific/polite/humble prefix
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
to come; to go; to be (somewhere); to be (doing)
two persons; two people; pair; couple
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
marriage of convenience; marriage for political reasons
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to tie; to bind; to bear (fruit); to close (e.g. deal); to confirm; to connect (two distant places); to close tightly
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
war; battle; campaign; (arch.) troops; (arch.) forces
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
your Highness; his Highness; her Highness
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...