result; consequence; coming to fruition; bearing fruit; as a result; consequently
to abolish; to abandon; to repeal; to dethrone; to depose
to play a leading role; to play a central part
national polity; National Athletic Meet
to establish; to formulate
rejection; expulsion; boycott; ostracism
claim; insistence; assertion; advocacy; emphasis; contention
revere the Emperor; expel the western barbarians (19th century slogan)
to advance; to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to improve; to deepen
technology; engineering; technique; skill; art; craft
to stand, walk, etc. shoulder-to-shoulder; to be on a par with
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
to build up; to establish; to form; to become (a state); to accomplish; to achieve; to change into
propulsion; drive; promotion (of a policy, project, movement, etc.); furtherance; advancement
while; during (the time when)
to bury (e.g. in the ground); to fill up (e.g. audience fills a hall); to cause to be packed; to plug (a gap); to stop (a gap); to make up for (a loss, shortage, etc.); to make amends
difficult to ...; hard to ...
ditch; drain; groove; tread; gap (between people, countries, etc.); gulf
standing for; advocating; championing; professing (to be)
Namamugi Incident (August 1862); Kanagawa Incident; Richardson Affair
origin; genesis; opening; start; beginning
Anglo-Satsuma War (1863); Bombardment of Kagoshima
lower reaches (of a river); bottom; lower part; lower half (of the body, esp. the privates); feces (faeces); end
and; moreover; besides; as well as; and on top of that; at the same time
retaliation; revenge; reprisal; retorsion; retortion
smelling burnt; smelling scorched; smelling of gunpowder (i.e. as if armed conflict is about to break out); tense; suspicious; dubious
Kazunomiya (1846.7.3-1877.9.2)
shogunate marital union with the Imperial Family
plan; policy; means; fifth principle of the Eight Principles of Yong; right upward flick
meeting; assembly; party; society; association; club
Tsu (city in Mie); harbour; harbor; ferry
internal disunity; internal division; internal rift
to take advantage of; to follow blindly; to multiply
to rally; to make a comeback
mishmash; miscellany; medley; jumble; mixture; odds and ends
ronin; masterless samurai; high school graduate waiting for another chance to enter university after having failed the yearly entrance examination; person out of work; jobless person; (arch.) wanderer
magnificent; grand; fair; square; grandly; boldly
imperial capital (esp. Kyoto); final word of an iroha poem; 10^16; 10,000,000,000,000,000
walking sideways; staggering; striding; being rampant; being widespread; being prevalent
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
Tokugawa shogunate (i.e. the Edo shogunate, 1603-1867)