origin; source; basis; base; cause; (raw) material; ingredient
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
book; volume; this; present; main; head; real
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
liking; being fond of; liking (romantically); being in love with; faddism; eccentricity
religion; religious affiliation; belief; religious activity
pedagogy; (study of) education
folklore studies; folkloristics
laws of nature; physical laws; physics
earth science; geoscience
physical education; PE; gym (class)
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
tightly (packed); densely; closely; crammed
to cram; to stuff; to jam; to squeeze; to pack; to crowd
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
various; varied; diverse; all sorts of
one copy (of a book, magazine, etc.); one volume
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to collect; to put (it all) together; to summarize; to aggregate; to bring to a conclusion; to finalize
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to pronounce; to read (e.g. a kanji)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
to benefit; to profit; to gain; to reap rewards
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
myself; yourself; I; me; you
with my own (two) eyes; with these very eyes
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
(something) has never occurred; to have never done (something); such a thing has not happened; never happens; there is never a time when
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
bookstore; bookshop; publisher; main building
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o