paving (a road); surfacing (with asphalt, concrete, etc.); pavement
application; subscription; entry (competition, raffle, etc.); enlistment
ground; crust (earth); foundation (building, etc.); base; constituency; power base
to speak ill of; to disparage
painful; bitter; tough; difficult; cruel; harsh
adhesion; stickiness; viscosity
low-melting; easily thawed; soluble
brittle; fragile; weak; tender-hearted; sentimental; easily moved
having to be; must be; should be; ought to be
crematory; place where things are burned
stratum; geological formation; layer; bed (coal, gravel, etc.)
gravel; ballast; pebbles; child; rugrat; ankle-biter
thick; deep; kind; cordial; abundant
footpath; walkway; sidewalk; pavement
mining; digging; working (a mine)
seashore; coast; seaside; waterfront; beach
pushing; support; backing; pushing from behind (a cart, etc.); pusher
refining; purification; careful manufacture
plaster; gypsum; calcium sulphate (sulfate)
dirty smoke; soot and smoke
pollution; public nuisance; contamination
pollution problem or issue
to be reborn; to be reincarnated; to turn over a new leaf; to become a new person; to be reorganized; to be transformed
dark side (of nature, town, etc.)
change for the better; improvement; looking better (than before)
to lean against; to recline on; to lean on; to rely on; to depend on