beach; seashore; seaside; coast
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
café; cafe; coffeehouse; hostess bar (serving western alcoholic beverages; Taisho and Showa period)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
bright; intelligent; clever; smart
moreover; furthermore; nevertheless; and yet
effort; exertion; endeavour; endeavor; hard work; striving
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be negligent in doing something; to shirk; to be off one's guard
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
study; diligence; discount; reduction
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
future (usually near); prospects
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
great; excellent; very troublesome; awful; tiring; tough
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
primary school; elementary school; grade school
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
various; all sorts of; variety of; (arch.) various colors (colours)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
properly; accurately; exactly; neatly; tidily; orderly
notebook; copy-book; note; noting down; (musical) note; laptop (computer)
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
a lot; lots; enough; sufficient; enough; too many
book; volume; this; present; main; head
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
interest (in something); curiosity (about something); zest (for)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
living thing; living creature; animal; life
robot; (mere) puppet; pawn; figurehead
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise