right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
in that way; thus; so; so?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to tease; to make fun of; to poke fun at; to make a crack about; to chaff; to kid
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
at that time; in those days
senior high school student
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
another meeting; meeting again; reunion
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
junior high school student; middle school pupil
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
in short; in brief; to sum up; ultimately; in the end; in the long run
... the heck (e.g. "what the heck?"); ... in the world (e.g. "why in the world?"); ... on earth (e.g. "who on earth?")
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
don't you think?; indicates question
that day; the very same day
Japanese cherry birch (Betula grossa); yellow catalpa (Catalpa ovata); Japanese mallotus (Mallotus japonicus); printing block; catalpa bow; catalpa medium
river; stream; River; the ... river
to dream (i.e. while asleep); to have a dream; to dream (of the future); to have a fleeting experience
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
junior high school; middle school; lower secondary school
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
incident; affair; happening; event
riddle; puzzle; enigma; enigmatic; mysterious
three (long cylindrical things); three-of-a-kind (in a dealt hand)
wound; injury; chip; crack; flaw; defect
chest; breast; breasts; bosom; heart; lungs; stomach