academic study; academic research
(sea) voyage; navigation; sailing; passage; cruise
name; title; appellation; (under the) pretext (of); pretense
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
large number (of); many; majority
independently; individually; separately; alone; singlehanded; unassisted
to allow; to enable; to make possible; to make feasible; to permit
sunset; sundown; end; close; year-end; end of the year
to succeed; to relieve; to take the place of; to substitute for; to be exchanged; to change (places with)
entering service (on a route; of a plane or ship); going into commission; being in service
condition; assumption; intention; intent; premise (in logic)
should; must; -able; probably; likely
to belong to; to come under; to be affiliated with; to be subject to
to advance; to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to improve; to deepen
joining (an association, agreement, etc.); participation; affiliation; accession
aggression; invasion; raid
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
to spread; to extend; to unfold; to open; to scatter about; to spread around
opposition; resistance; insubordination; defiance; hostility; rebellion
starting; inauguration; launch; founding; establishment; start-up
self-government; autonomy; local (governmental) autonomy
union; alliance; combination; RENGO (Japanese Trade Union Confederation)
old; aged; long; since long ago; of the distant past; long-ago
by any standard; (not) even as flattery
originally; by nature; from the start
towards; against; regarding; in contrast with
independence; self-reliance; independence (e.g. of a nation); freedom; separation; isolation
colour; color; complexion; skin colour; look (on one's face); expression; appearance
to strengthen; to emphasize; to emphasise
given that ... it is only natural that ...; ... being the case, it is unavoidable that ...; (precisely) because ...; contrary to expectations ...
hypothesis; supposition; assumption
to imitate; to copy; to mock; to trace; to forge
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
neighbourhood; neighborhood; vicinity
member nation; member state; signatory
possession; retention; maintenance