indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
monkey (esp. the Japanese macaque, Macaca fuscata); ape; sly person; idiot; hick; sliding wooden bolt (for holding a door or window shut); clasp used to control the height of a pot-hook
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
daughter of a person of high rank (esp. eldest daughter)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
people (of a country); nation; citizen; national
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
stage (theatre, theater); scene or setting (e.g. of novel, play, etc.)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
widow; divorced woman not remarried; unmarried woman
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
hole; opening; pit; hollow; burrow; den; deficit
female court attendant; court lady
while; during; while; although; all; both
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
body; physical system; (the) person
pleasant feeling; pleasant sensation; pleasure
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
handrail; railing; banister
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible